Cost Management

Landed Cost

Definition

The total cost of a product delivered to the customer, including COGS, freight, duties, tariffs, insurance, and handling fees.

Landed cost is the true total cost of delivering a product to an end customer. It includes the cost of goods sold (COGS), inbound freight from suppliers, outbound shipping to customers, customs duties and tariffs, insurance, handling fees, and any other costs incurred in the supply chain. For ecommerce merchants, accurately calculating landed cost per order is essential for determining true profitability. Many merchants underestimate landed cost by excluding freight zone differentials, dimensional weight surcharges, FX fluctuations on imported goods, and duty/tariff changes. The gap between perceived margin and actual margin after full landed cost accounting is often where 10–15% of profit disappears.